Gum disease is a bacterial infection of the gums and tissues supporting the teeth, also known as periodontitis. It is usually caused by plaque and tartar build-up when teeth are not cleaned and flossed regularly.
What is periodontal disease?
Gum and jaw disease caused by several factors can make periodontal treatment necessary. Proper periodontal care and maintenance are directly related to the preservation of your teeth. A key factor in improving the appearance of your teeth is having healthy gums. If your gums become unhealthy, they can either recede or become swollen and red.
Later, the bone holding the teeth is destroyed and the teeth shift, loosen or fall out. These changes not only affect the ability to chew and speak but also ruin the smile. Periodontal disease affects one or more of the periodontal structures, which are the alveolar bone, the periodontal ligaments, the gum tissue, and the periodontal ligaments.
Although tooth-supporting structures are affected, the inflammatory lesions caused by plaque make up the majority of periodontal problems and can be divided into two categories: gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is a mild form of both diseases that never progresses to periodontitis and always precedes periodontitis.
Gingivitis
Plaque is the main cause of gingivitis in genetically susceptible individuals. Dental plaque is a sticky, colorless film made up mainly of food particles and various bacteria. It forms on the edges of the gums and under the teeth. Plaque forms constantly on teeth, even after just a few minutes of brushing. The gums are irritated by toxins or poisons produced by plaque bacteria. The gums can become inflamed, red, swollen, and bleed easily. The gums can become detached from the teeth and gum pockets can form if the irritation is prolonged. Plaque can also harden into a rough, porous substance called tartar if daily brushing and flossing are neglected. This can happen both above and below the gum line.
Paradontitis
Plaque is the main cause of gum inflammation in genetically-prone individuals. Dental plaque is a sticky, colorless film made up mainly of food particles and various bacteria. It forms on the edges of the gums and under the teeth. Plaque forms constantly on teeth, even after just a few minutes of brushing. The gums are irritated by toxins or poisons produced by plaque bacteria. The gums can become inflamed, red, swollen, and bleed easily. The gums can become detached from the teeth and gum pockets can form if the irritation is prolonged. Plaque can also harden into a rough, porous substance called tartar if daily brushing and flossing are neglected. This can be above or below the gum line.
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